Comparative assessment of different rose cultivars under environmental conditions in central Transylvania, Romania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55779/ng43205Keywords:
broad-sense heritability, disease, frost, multivariate analysis, ornamental, selection, sensory analyses, traits, varietiesAbstract
Despite the abundance of rose varieties, it is necessary to create and use new genotypes to improve the appearance of green spaces and meet the demands of society, as well as to ensure their response to environmental variables and climate change. To assess the overall value and flower quality of several Romanian and foreign varieties under the ecological circumstances of Northwest Romania, 14 rose varieties from the shrub and floribunda groups were examined. The study identified notable variations among the cultivars for plant growth, foliage, flowers, and their susceptibility to the three primary fungal diseases (black spot, powdery mildew, and rust) prevalent in the study area. Additionally, the study identified the cultivars with proper resilience to frost during the five-year investigation period, particularly after the cold winters. New varieties obtained at HRS Cluj-Napoca, such as Cristiana, Pasiune mov, Maria-Cristina and Splendid, and international varieties such as Fisherman's Friend, Bonica and Mirato, stood out for their decorative quality and attractive floral elements. Some of these varieties have also been considered potential parents for disease and frost resistance in new hybridization projects. Broad-sense heritability data for the quantitative variables under investigation, as well as multivariate analyses, provided useful information for new rose breeding programs. The comparison of quantitative and qualitative assessments of important decorative traits for the roses, together with proper statistical calculation processes to assure their validity and trustworthiness, enabled the development of hypotheses or working models that can improve rose breeding efficiency.
Metrics
References
Agaoglu YS (2000). Rose oil industry and the production of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) in Turkey. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 14(2):8-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2000.10819079
Agarwal A, Gupta V, Ul Haq S, Jatav PK, Kothari SL, Kachhwaha S (2019). Assessment of genetic diversity in 29 rose germplasms using SCoT marker. Journal of King Saud University – Science 31:780-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.04.022
Aghaloo K, Sharifi A (2023). A GIS-based agroecological model for sustainable agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas: The case of Kerman Province, Iran. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability 6:100230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2023.100230
Akgün E (2023). Comprehending farmers’ values in peri-urbanised Ağlasun, Burdur, Turkey: The case study of rose (Rosa x damascena) cultivation. Belgeo. Revue Belge de Géographie 3:1-33. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.66145
Ardasheva OA, Cheremnykh EN, Lekontseva TG, Zorin DA (2023). Comprehensive assessment of varieties of garden roses in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1154: 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1154/1/012026
Bahuguna S, Anchal S, Guleria D, Devi M, Meenakshi Kumar D, Kumar R, Murthy PVS, Kumar A (2022). Unmanned aerial vehicle-based multispectral remote sensing for commercially important aromatic crops in India for its efficient monitoring and management. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 50:397-407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01302-5
Banerji B (2011). Biodiversity of roses. In: Proceedings of the National conference on forest biodiversity: Earth Living treasure, Lucknow, India pp 85-92.
Behnamnia S, Rahimmalek M, Haghighi M, Nikbakht A, Gharibi S, Pachura N, Szumny A, Łyczko J (2024). Variation in flavonoid compounds, volatiles and yield related traits in different Iranian Rosa damascena Mill. cultivars based on SPME arrow and LC-MS/MS. Foods 13:668. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050668
Bhattacharjee SK, Banerji BK (2010). The complete book of roses. Aavishkar Publishers, Jaipur 302 003 (Raj.), India.
Bos I, Caligari P (2007). Selection methods in plant breeding. Springer Science & Business Media: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Boskabady MH, Shafei MN, Saberi Z, Amini S (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 14(4):295.
Boumaza R, Demotes-Mainard S, Huche-Thelier L, Guerin V (2009). Visual characterization of the esthetic quality of the rosebush. Journal of Sensory Studies 24:774-796. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2009.00238.x
Božanić Tanjga B, Ljubojević M, Đukić A, Vukosavljev M, Ilić O, Narandžić T (2022). Selection of garden roses to improve the ecosystem services they provide. Horticulturae 8(10):883. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100883
Bugallo V, Facciuto G (2023). Selection process in ornamental plant breeding. Ornamental Horticulture 29:68-75. https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v29i1.2617
Byrne DH, Klein P, Yan M, Young E, Lau J, Ong K, Shires M, …, Novick D (2018). Challenges of breeding rose rosette–resistant roses. HortScience 53:604-608. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12553-17
Carlson-Nilsson BU, Davidson CG (2009). A three-year study of winter hardiness and blackspot resistance (Diplocarpon rosae Wolf) of roses in two climatically different environments. Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology 3:139-151.
Costa AP, Pôças I, Cunha M (2016). Estimating the leaf area of cut roses in different growth stages using image processing and allometrics. Horticulturae 2(3):6. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae2030006
Costa JDC (2002). The role of the leaf on the dynamics of growth and rooting of leafy stem cuttings of rose. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Plant Sciences Group, The Netherlands, ISBN 5808-687-9.
Crespel L, Le Bras C, Relion D, Morel P (2014). Genotype × year interaction and broad-sense heritability of architectural characteristics in rose bush. Plant Breeding 133:412-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12157
Crespel L, Mouchotte J (2017). Methods of cross-breeding. In: Reference Module in Life Sciences. Elsevier.
Cui WH, Du XY, Zhong MC, Fang W, Suo ZQ, Wang D, Dong X, Jiang XD, Hu JY (2022). Complex and reticulate origin of edible roses (Rosa, Rosaceae) in China. Horticulture Research 9:uhab051. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhab051
Damania A (2010). The mystical history of the rose - The queen of flowers. Asian Agri-History 14:303-318.
Darlington AB, Dixon MA, Tsujita MJ (1992). The influence of humidity control on the production of greenhouse roses (Rosa hybrida). Scientia Horticulturae 49(3-4):291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(92)90165-9
Datta SK (2018). Breeding of new ornamental varieties. Current Science 114(6):1194-1206. https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/114/06/1194.pdf
De Vries DP (2000). Fungus-resistant roses: Fact or fake? Acta Horticulturae 508:149-156. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.508.19
De Vries DP, Dubois LAM (1996). Rose breeding: past, present, prospects. Acta Horticulturae 424:241-248. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1996.424.43
De Vries DP, Dubois LAM (2001). Developments in breeding for horizontal and vertical fungus resistance in roses. Acta Horticulturae 552:103-112. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.552.10
Debener T (2003). Inheritance of characteristics. In: Roberts AV (Ed). Encyclopedia of Rose Science. Academic Press, pp 286-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227620-5/00041-0
Debener T, Byrne DH (2014). Disease resistance breeding in rose: Current status and potential of biotechnological tools. Plant Science 228:107-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.04.005
Debener T, Linde M (2009). Exploring complex ornamental genomes: The rose as a model plant. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 28(4):267-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352680903035481
Demir S, Dedeoğlu M, Başayiğit L (2024). Yield prediction models of organic oil rose farming with agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) images and machine learnaing algorithms. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 33:101131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2023.101131
Doğan E, Kazaz S, Kiliç T, Dursun H, Ünsal TH, Uran M (2020). A research on determination of the performance Rosa damascena Mill. as pollen source in rose breeding by hybridization. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi (J. Fac. Agric.) 14:194-201.
Druitt L (2004). The organic rose garden. Taylor Trade Publishing.
Ersan R, Başayiğit L (2022). Ecological modelling of potential Isparta Rosa areas (Rosa damascena Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products 176:114427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114427
Falconer DS, Mackay TF (1996). Introduction to quantitative genetics. Longman Group Ltd London, UK.
Gahlaut V, Kumari P, Jaiswal V, Kumar S (2021). Genetics, genomics and breeding in Rosa species. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 96:545-559. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2021.1894078
Garbez M, Symoneaux R, Belin E, Caraglio Y, Chéné Y, Dones N, … Galopin G (2018). Ornamental plants architectural characteristics in relation to visual sensory attributes: a new approach on the rose bush for objective evaluation of the visual quality. European Journal of Horticultural Science 83:187-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2018/83.3.8
Gitonga VW, Koning-Boucoiran CF, Verlinden K, Dolstra O, Visser RGF, Maliepaard C, Krens FA (2014). Genetic variation, heritability and genotype by environment interaction of morphological traits in a tetraploid rose population. BMC Genetics 15:146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-014-0146-z
Guan H, Huang B, Yan X, Zhao J, Yang S, Wu Q, Bao M, Bendahmane M, Fu X (2024). Identification of distinct roses suitable for future breeding by phenotypic and genotypic evaluations of 192 rose germplasms. Horticulture Advances 2:5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44281-023-00024-1
Gudin S (2000). Rose: genetics and breeding. In: Janick J (Ed). John Wiley & Sons. Plant Breeding Reviews 17:159-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650134.ch3
Gul M, Kazaz S, Baydar H, Sirikci BS (2015). A study about technical, economical situation, problems and improvement of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) in Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 18(3):613-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.998723
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001). PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4:4-9. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm
Harmon DD, Chen H, Byrne D, Liu W, Ranney TG (2023). Cytogenetics, ploidy, and genome sizes of rose (Rosa spp.) cultivars and breeding lines. Ornamental Plant Research 3:10. https://doi.org/10.48130/OPR-2023-0010
Hibrand Saint-Oyant L, Ruttink T, Hamama L, Kirov I, Lakhwani D, Zhou NN, … Foucher F (2018). A high-quality genome sequence of Rosa chinensis to elucidate ornamental traits. Nature Plants 4:473-484. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-018-0166-1
Jones SE (2013). The inheritance of plant and flower traits in rose. Honors and Undergraduate Research. Retrieved 2023 August 18 from: https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154894
Kawamura K, Hibrand-Saint Oyant L, Thouroude T, Jeauffre J, Foucher F (2015). Inheritance of garden rose architecture and its association with flowering behaviour. Tree Genetics and Genomes 11:22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0844-3
Khaleghi A, Khadivi A (2020). Morphological characterization of Damask rose (Rosa × damascena Herrm.) germplasm to select superior accessions. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 67:1981-1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00954-z
Khan MF, Hafiz IA, Khan MA, Abbasi NA, Habib U, Shah MKN (2021). Determination of pollen fertility and hybridization success among Rosa hybrida. Pakistan Journal of Botany 53:1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2021-5(15)
Kılıç T (2023). Identifying successful combinations by fertility index in old garden roses and hybrid tea roses crosses. PeerJ 11:e15526. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15526
Kılıç T, Kazaz S, Meral ED, Kırbay E (2024). Inheritance of some traits in crosses between hybrid tea roses and old garden roses. Plants 13:1797. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131797
Kim G-J, Song Y-H, Gi G-Y, Kim S-T, Lee J-H, Han T-H (2011). Application of UPOV data for the analysis of genetic variation in rose cultivars. Horticultural Science and Technology 29:240-246.
Koning-Boucoiran CFS, Gitonga VW, Yan Z, Dolstra O, van der Linden CG, van der Schoot J, … Maliepaard C (2012). The mode of inheritance in tetraploid cut roses. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 125:591-607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1855-1
Krussman G (1981). The complete book of roses. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
Kwon O-H, Choi H-G, Kim S-J, Kim W-H (2022). Assessment of four-seasonal quality and yield of cut flower roses grafted onto Rosa rootstocks. Agriculture 12(11):1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111848
Kyalo TM, Pemberton HB, Zajicek JM (1996). Seasonal growing environment affects quality characteristics and postproduction longevity of potted miniature roses. HortScience 31(1):120-122. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.31.1.120
Lau J, Liang S, Wu X, Yan M, Klein PE, Young EL, Byrne DH (2019). Heritability of flower size and heat stress in diploid roses. Acta Horticulturae 1232:51-56. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1232.9
Leus L (2017). Selection strategies for disease resistance in roses. Reference Module in Life Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.05008-1
Leus L, Van Huylenbroeck J (2009). Developing resistance to powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) de Bary): A challenge for rose breeders. Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology 3:131-138.
Leus L, Van Laere K, De Riek J, Van Huylenbroeck J (2018). Rose. In: Van Huylenbroeck J (Ed). Ornamental Crops. Handbook of Plant Breeding 11, pp 719-767. Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-90698-0
Liang S, Wu X, Byrne D (2017). Flower-size heritability and floral heat-shock tolerance in diploid roses. HortScience 52:682-685. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11640-16
Mahboubi M (2016). Rosa damascena as holy ancient herb with novel applications. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 6(1):10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.09.005
Matei I, Pacurar I, Rosca S, Bilasco S, Sestras P, Rusu T, Jude ET, Tăut FD (2020). Land use favourability assessment based on soil characteristics and anthropic pollution. Case study Somesul Mic valley corridor, Romania. Agronomy 10:1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091245
Monder MJ (2021). Response of rambler roses to changing climate conditions in urbanized areas of the European lowlands. Plants 10:457. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030457
Monder MJ (2022). Trends in the phenology of climber roses under changing climate conditions in the Mazovia lowland in Central Europe. Applied Sciences 12:4259. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094259
Mostafavi AS, Omidi M, Azizinezhad R, Etminan A, Badi HN (2021). Genetic diversity analysis in a mini core collection of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) germplasm from Iran using URP and SCoT markers. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 19:144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00247-7
Nadeem M, Khan MA, Riaz A, Ahmad R (2011). Evaluation of growth and flowering potential of Rosa hybrida cultivars under Faisalabad climatic conditions. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 48:283-288.
Nadeem M, Wang X, Akond M, Awan FS, Riaz A, Younis A (2014). Hybrid identification, morphological evaluation and genetic diversity analysis of ‘Rosa x hybrida’ by SSR markers. Australian Journal of Crop Science 8:183-190.
Nadeem M, Younis A, Riaz A, Lim KB (2015). Crossability among modern roses and heterosis of quantitative and qualitative traits in hybrids. Horticulture Environment Biotechnology 56:487-497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-015-0144-8
Naktuinbouw (2017). Naktuinbouw; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. Calibration manual - Harmonized with Naktuinbouw and NCSS(/NARO). DUS Test for Rose (Cut-flower type) Rosa L. Established in November 24, 2017, Comply with UPOV TG/11/8 Rev. 2017, 1-71. Retrieved 2024 April 10 from https://www.naro.go.jp/publicity_report/publication/files/rose_calibration_manual_formalize.pdf
Noack R (2003). Selection strategies for disease and pest resistance. In: Roberts AV (Ed). Encyclopedia of Rose Science. Academic Press pp 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227620-5/00100-2
Nybom H (2009). Introduction to Rosa. In: Folta KM, Gardiner SE (Eds). Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae, Springer New York NY pp 339-351.
Rai H, Raju D, Mb AK, Janakiram T, Namita, Krishnan SG, Rana J (2015). Characterization and analysis of genetic diversity among different species of rose (Rosa species) using morphological and molecular markers. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85:240-245. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i2.46518
Raymond O, Gouzy J, Just J, Badouin H, Verdenaud M, Lemainque A, … Bendahmane M (2018). The Rosa genome provides new insights into the domestication of modern roses. Nature Genetics 50(6):772-777. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0110-3
Roman G, Sestras R, Wagner S (2008). The response of several modern cultivars of landscape roses in the conditions of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Bulletin UASVM, Horticulture 65(1):122-125.
Rouet C, Lee EA, Banks T, O’Neill J, LeBlanc R, Somers DJ (2020). Identification of a polymorphism within the Rosa multiflora muRdr1A gene linked to resistance to multiple races of Diplocarpon rosae W. in tetraploid garden roses (Rosa × hybrida). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 133:103-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03443-9
Rouet C, O’Neill J, Banks T, Tanino K, Derivry E, Somers D, Lee EA (2022). Mapping winterhardiness in garden roses. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 147:216-238. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05189-22
Rusanov K, Kovacheva N, Dobreva A, Atanassov I (2020). Rosa x damascena Mill. (Rose). In: Novak J, Blüthner WD (Eds). Medicinal, Aromatic and Stimulant Plants. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38792-1_14
Salcă Roman GM, Lehel L, Somsai AP, Stoian-Dod RL, Dan C, Bunea CI, Sestras AF, Sestras RE (2024). The use of genetic resources in rose breeding and creation of new rose cultivars through hybridization and selection. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 52(1):13585. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha52113585
Santagostini P, Demotes-Mainard S, Huché-Thélier L, Leduc N, Bertheloot J, Guérin V, Bourbeillon J, Sakr S, Boumaza R (2014). Assessment of the visual quality of ornamental plants: Comparison of three methodologies in the case of the rosebush. Scientia Horticulturae 168:17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.011
Sestras A, Titirica Ancu I, Dan C, Andrecan A, Mitre V, Sestras R, Militaru M (2018). Yield and response to the main diseases attack of pear cultivars and heritability of the traits. Lucr St Seria Hort USAMV Iaşi 61:91-96.
Sestras P, Bondrea MV, Cetean H, Sălăgean T, Bilaşco Ş, Naș S, Spalevic V, Fountas S, Cîmpeanu SM (2018). Ameliorative, ecological and landscape roles of Făget Forest, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and possibilities of avoiding risks based on GIS landslide susceptibility map. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46(1):292-300. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4611086
Sestras P, Salagean T, Bilasco S, Bondrea MV, Nas S, Fountas S, Spalevic V, Cimpeanu SM (2019). Prospect of a GIS based digitization and 3D model for a better management and land use in a specific micro-areal for crop trees. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 18:1269-1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2019.121
Shah MH, Ur Rahman R, Mahmood A, Usman M, Bibi S (2021). Morphological characterization, multivariate analysis and micropropagation of hybrid rose (Rosa indica L.) germplasm. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58:51-59.
Shahrin S, Roni M, Taufique T, Mehraj H, Jamal Uddin A (2015). Study on flowering characteristics and categorization of rose cultivars for color, fragrance and usage. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 4:20-30.
Shishkova M, Ivanova B, Beluhova-Uzunova R, Harizanova A (2022). Opportunities and challenges for sustainable production and processing of Rosa damascena in Bulgaria. Industrial Crops and Products 186:115184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115184
Shupert D, Anderson N, Byrne D (2004). The inheritance of several traits in three diploid interspecific rose populations. HortScience 39:807-808. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.4.807E
Simionca Mărcășan LI, Oltean I, Popa S, Plazas M, Vilanova S, Gramazio P, Sestras AF, Prohens J, Sestras RE (2023). Comparative analysis of phenotypic and molecular data on response to main pear diseases and pest attack in a germplasm collection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(7):6239. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076239
Smulders MJ, Arens P, Bourke PM, Debener T, Linde M, De Riek J, ... Foucher F (2019). In the name of the rose: a roadmap for rose research in the genome era. Horticulture Research 6:65. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0156-0
Soujanya P, Balaji S, Kulkarni, Harshavardhan M (2019). Genetic variability and heritability in rose. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 8(4):2065-2067.
Stoian-Dod RL, Dan C, Morar IM, Sestras AF, Truta AM, Roman G, Sestras RE (2023). Seed germination within genus Rosa: the complexity of the process and influencing factors. Horticulturae 9(8):914. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080914
Svejda F (1979). Inheritance of winterhardiness in roses. Euphytica 28:309-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056587
Tabaei-Aghdaei S, Sahebi M, Jafari A, Rezaee M (2004). Evaluation of flower yield and morphological characteristics of 11 Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes using multivariate analyses. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Aromatic Plants Research 20:199-211.
Taufique T, Shahrin S, Roni MZK, Mehraj H, Uddin D (2015). Study on flowering characteristics and categorization of rose cultivars for color, fragrance and usage. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 4:20-30.
UPOV (2022). Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. TG/11/8 Rev. 2. Rose UPOV Code: ROSAA, Rosa L. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, Geneva. https://www.upov.int/edocs/tgdocs/en/tg011.pdf
Veluru A, Bhat KV, Janakiram T, Prasad KV, Panwar S, Namita, Singh KP (2023). Phenotypic characterization and grouping of rose (Rosa × hybrida L.) genotypes using DUS descriptors. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 36:243-249. https://www.ispgr.in/index.php/ijpgr/article/view/2483
Vukosavljev M, Zhang J, Esselink GD, van ‘t Westende WPC, Cox P, Visser RGF, Arens P, Smulders MJM (2013). Genetic diversity and differentiation in roses: A garden rose perspective. Scientia Horticulturae 162:320-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.08.015
Wagner S (2002). Trandafirul. De la mit la mileniul trei [The rose. From myth to the third millennium]. ISBN: 973-0-02590-8, p 284.
Wagner S, Ardelean M, Sestras R, Ghidra V, Pamfil D, Roman G, Florincescu A, Cordea M, Catana C, Budiu V (2000). Achievements in rose breeding at Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in the last thirty years. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment 14(2):37-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2000.10819085
Walheim L (2000). Roses for dummies, 2nd Edition. Hungry Minds Inc, U.S.
Whitaker VM, Hokanson SC (2009). Partial resistance to black spot disease in diploid and tetraploid roses: general combining ability and implications for breeding and selection. Euphytica 169:421-429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-9976-6
Widrlechner MP (1981). History and utilization of Rosa damascena. Economic Botany 35:42-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859214
Wu X, Liang S, Byrne DH (2019). Heritability of plant architecture in diploid roses (Rosa spp.). HortScience 54:236-239. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13511-18
Yan ZF, Dolstra O, Hendriks T, Prins TW, Stam P, Visser PB (2005). Vigour evaluation for genetics and breeding in rose. Euphytica 145:339-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-2070-9
Yokoya K, Kandasamy KI, Walker S, Mandegaran Z, Roberts AV (2000). Resistance of roses to pathotypes of Diplocarpon rosae. Annals of Applied Biology 136:15-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2000.tb00003.x
Zlesak DC (2007). Rose. In: Anderson NO (Ed). Flower Breeding and Genetics: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century, Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht pp 695-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4428-1_26
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriela M. SALCĂ ROMAN, Adriana F. SESTRAS, Roxana L. STOIAN-DOD, Cătălina DAN, Diana-Maria MIRCEA, Monica BOSCAIU, Radu E. SESTRAS
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Distribution - Permissions - Copyright
Papers published in Nova Geodesia are Open-Access, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
© Articles by the authors; licensee SMTCT, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright/to retain publishing rights without restriction.
License:
Open Access Journal - the journal offers free, immediate, and unrestricted access to peer-reviewed research and scholarly work, due to SMTCT support to increase the visibility, accessibility and reputation of the researchers, regardless of geography and their budgets. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.